文质彬彬·每日好词语 | 制天命而用之
制天命而用之掌握上天所赋予的事物及其运作法则并加以利用。出自《荀子》。荀子认为,天与人有各自的职分,天地与人事的运行也有各自的法则,不应将人世的治乱祸福归结于天的赏罚,因此荀子反对通过赞颂、逢迎上天来求取福报。同时荀子也指出,天在自然运行中化育万物,并赋予人以形体、情感和欲望。
文质彬彬·每日好词语|知言
知言“知言”指察知言辞的真意。早期儒家的《论语》《孟子》等著作中都提到“知言”的概念。儒家认为,言辞是人们表达和交流的中介,但由于种种原因,很多时候言辞并不能准确、真实、完整地传达意义。因此儒家强调要善于辨察言辞偏离真意的原因,并在此基础之上进一步探究言辞的真意。
文质彬彬·每日好词语|易子而教
整理/夏瑾 制图/张玉佳易子而教父母不亲自教育自己的孩子,而是请别人来教育。这是孟子提倡的教育智慧。父母与子女重在感情,师生重在规范;而父母与子女很难完成亲子与师生、感情与规范的角色及职能转换。当然,这里的教育是指正规学校教育,不是说父母对孩子不负家庭教育之责。
文质彬彬·每日好词语|情发于声
When feelings surge up in people's hearts due to inspiration from external objects, they will find expression in poetry and music. This is stated in “Introductions to Mao's Version of The Book of Songs,” echoing the idea that “poetry expresses aspirations” documented in The Book of History. In pre-Qin China, poetry, music and dance were all closely linked together, even merged into one. This idea reflected the special features of that era. Later, poetry became an independent art of language, divorced from music and dance. Thus, the idea took leave from the literary scene.大凡人之感于事,则必动于情,然后兴于嗟叹,发于吟咏,而形于歌诗矣。
为啥consequently不是连词?
汉语的“字”相当于二维图形,左右和上下都携带信息,因此沿字符流维度的信息密度高,故而比较短的表达也能有完整意思。“短表达”使得眼睛和大脑容易处理多个相邻的“完整意思”。这使得汉语容易参考前后“短表达”信息来断句和消除歧义。这大概就是传说中的“意合”。
文质彬彬·每日好词语|情发于声
When feelings surge up in people's hearts due to inspiration from external objects, they will find expression in poetry and music. This is stated in “Introductions to Mao's Version of The Book of Songs,” echoing the idea that “poetry expresses aspirations” documented in The Book of History. In pre-Qin China, poetry, music and dance were all closely linked together, even merged into one. This idea reflected the special features of that era. Later, poetry became an independent art of language, divorced from music and dance. Thus, the idea took leave from the literary scene.大凡人之感于事,则必动于情,然后兴于嗟叹,发于吟咏,而形于歌诗矣。
文质彬彬·每日好词语|感物
整理/沈杰群 制图/李晗感物指人为外物所触动产生了创作冲动,经过构思与艺术加工,形成文艺作品。“物”指直观可感的自然景物、生活场景。古人认为,创作缘起于外界事物的感召而激起了创作欲望,文艺作品是外物与主观相结合的产物。这一术语强调了文艺创作源于生活的基本理念。
文质彬彬·每日好词语|为学日益,为道日损
整理/王璟瑄 制图/李晗为学日益,为道日损求知要一天比一天增加,求道要一天比一天减少(偏见和欲望)。“为学”是指知识和学问的积累,因此要做加法,以求广博丰富;“为道”是对世界普遍法则的领悟,因此要做减法,去除一切世俗偏见和个人欲望,做到无知无欲,进而达到“无为”。
文质彬彬·每日好词语|内省
整理/蒋肖斌 制图/李晗内省自我省察。“内省”是儒家所主张的一种道德修养方式。儒家认为,道德的养成固然需要言行符合外在的道德规范,但在根本上取决于内在道德意识的确立。因此,在关注人的言行举止的同时,儒家更重视内心的修养,主张通过不断省察自己真实的用心,确立并持守内在的道德意识。
文质彬彬·每日好词语|知言
知言“知言”指察知言辞的真意。早期儒家的《论语》《孟子》等著作中都提到“知言”的概念。儒家认为,言辞是人们表达和交流的中介,但由于种种原因,很多时候言辞并不能准确、真实、完整地传达意义。因此儒家强调要善于辨察言辞偏离真意的原因,并在此基础之上进一步探究言辞的真意。